Languages#

Reference pages for the human languages the operator most often has to read, translate, or run collection against. Each entry names the native form, the language family, the writing system, and the principal varieties or daughter languages.

For per-country language footprints (which languages are official, working, regional, or minority in a specific country) see the Languages section of each country page under Countries.

For programming languages, see Languages. The two are deliberately kept apart.

Indo-European#

Albanian

Shqip (Albanian)

Albanian
Armenian

Հայերեն (Armenian)

Armenian
Belarusian

Беларуская (Slavic)

Belarusian
Bengali

বাংলা (Indo-Aryan)

Bengali
Bulgarian

Български (Slavic)

Bulgarian
Catalan

Català (Romance)

Catalan
Croatian

Hrvatski (Slavic)

Croatian
Czech

Čeština (Slavic)

Czech
Danish

Dansk (Germanic)

Danish
Dutch

Nederlands (Germanic)

Dutch
English

English (Germanic)

English
French

Français (Romance)

French
German

Deutsch (Germanic)

German
Greek

Ελληνικά (Hellenic)

Greek
Gujarati

ગુજરાતી (Indo-Aryan)

Gujarati
Hindi

हिन्दी (Indo-Aryan)

Hindi
Italian

Italiano (Romance)

Italian
Kurdish

Kurdî / کوردی (Iranian)

Kurdish
Latvian

Latviešu (Baltic)

Latvian
Lithuanian

Lietuvių (Baltic)

Lithuanian
Marathi

मराठी (Indo-Aryan)

Marathi
Nepali

नेपाली (Indo-Aryan)

Nepali
Norwegian

Norsk (Germanic)

Norwegian
Pashto

پښتو (Iranian)

Pashto
Persian

فارسی (Iranian)

Persian
Polish

Polski (Slavic)

Polish
Portuguese

Português (Romance)

Portuguese
Punjabi

ਪੰਜਾਬੀ / پنجابی (Indo-Aryan)

Punjabi
Romanian

Română (Romance)

Romanian
Russian

Русский (Slavic)

Russian
Serbian

Српски / Srpski (Slavic)

Serbian
Sinhala

සිංහල (Indo-Aryan)

Sinhala
Slovak

Slovenčina (Slavic)

Slovak
Spanish

Español (Romance)

Spanish
Swedish

Svenska (Germanic)

Swedish
Ukrainian

Українська (Slavic)

Ukrainian
Urdu

اُردُو (Indo-Aryan)

Urdu

Sino-Tibetan#

Burmese

မြန်မာ (Lolo-Burmese)

Burmese
Cantonese

粵語 / 廣東話 (Sinitic)

Cantonese
Hakka

客家話 / 客語 (Sinitic)

Hakka
Mandarin Chinese

普通话 / 國語 (Sinitic)

Mandarin Chinese
Min Chinese

閩語 (Sinitic)

Min Chinese
Tibetan

བོད་སྐད་ (Bodic)

Tibetan
Wu Chinese

吳語 / 上海話 (Sinitic)

Wu Chinese

Afro-Asiatic#

Amharic

አማርኛ (Semitic)

Amharic
Arabic

العربية (Semitic)

Arabic
Hausa

Hausa / هَوُسَ (Chadic)

Hausa
Hebrew

עברית (Semitic)

Hebrew
Somali

Af-Soomaali (Cushitic)

Somali
Tigrinya

ትግርኛ (Semitic)

Tigrinya

Austronesian#

Indonesian

Bahasa Indonesia

Indonesian
Javanese

ꦧꦱꦗꦮ / Basa Jawa

Javanese
Malay

Bahasa Melayu

Malay
Tagalog / Filipino

Tagalog / Wikang Filipino

Tagalog / Filipino

Dravidian#

Kannada

ಕನ್ನಡ

Kannada
Malayalam

മലയാളം

Malayalam
Tamil

தமிழ்

Tamil
Telugu

తెలుగు

Telugu

Niger-Congo#

Igbo

Igbo / Ásụ̀sụ́ Ìgbò (Volta-Niger)

Igbo
Swahili

Kiswahili (Bantu)

Swahili
Yoruba

Yorùbá (Volta-Niger)

Yoruba
Zulu

isiZulu (Bantu)

Zulu

Japonic#

Japanese

日本語

Japanese

Koreanic#

Korean

한국어 / 조선말

Korean

Tai-Kadai#

Lao

ພາສາລາວ

Lao
Thai

ภาษาไทย

Thai

Austroasiatic#

Khmer

ភាសាខ្មែរ

Khmer
Vietnamese

Tiếng Việt

Vietnamese

Turkic#

Azerbaijani

Azərbaycanca (Oghuz)

Azerbaijani
Kazakh

Қазақша (Kipchak)

Kazakh
Kyrgyz

Кыргызча (Kipchak)

Kyrgyz
Turkish

Türkçe (Oghuz)

Turkish
Turkmen

Türkmençe (Oghuz)

Turkmen
Uzbek

Oʻzbekcha (Karluk)

Uzbek

Uralic#

Estonian

Eesti keel (Finnic)

Estonian
Finnish

Suomi (Finnic)

Finnish
Hungarian

Magyar (Ugric)

Hungarian

Mongolic#

Mongolian

Монгол хэл

Mongolian

Kartvelian#

Georgian

ქართული

Georgian