Iran

Contents

Iran#

Iran flag

Known as Persia until 1935, Iran became an Islamic republic in 1979 after the ruling monarchy was overthrown and Shah Mohammad Reza PAHLAVI was forced into exile.

Government type: theocratic republic. Chief of state: Supreme Leader Ali Hoseini-KHAMENEI (since 4 June 1989).

Facts#

Capital

Tehran

Region

Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf, and the Caspian Sea, between Iraq and Pakistan

Area

total : 1,648,195 sq km; land: 1,531,595 sq km; water: 116,600 sq km

Population

89,177,357 (2025 est.)

Languages

Persian Farsi (official), Azeri and other Turkic dialects, Kurdish, Gilaki and Mazandarani, Luri, Balochi, Arabic

Currency

Iranian rials (IRR)

Time zone

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ccTLD

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Refugees#

Camps hosting refugees, asylum-seekers, and internally displaced persons (IDPs) inside the country. Operators use this to track population movement, NGO and UN footprint, humanitarian access corridors, and the political pressure conflict generates on the host. Cross-reference UNHCR Operational Data Portal, IOM DTM, and ReliefWeb before relying on the entry.

Camp

Population

Origin

Location

Notes

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