Turkey

Contents

Turkey#

Turkey flag

Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the remnants of the Ottoman Empire by reformer and national hero Mustafa KEMAL, known as Ataturk or “Father of the Turks.” One-party rule ended in 1950, and periods of instability and military coups have since fractured the multiparty democracy, in 1960, 1971, 1980, 1997, and 2016.

Government type: presidential republic. Chief of state: President Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (since 28 August 2014).

Facts#

Capital

Ankara

Region

Southeastern Europe and Southwestern Asia (that portion of Turkey west of the Bosporus is geographically part of Europe), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria

Area

total : 783,562 sq km; land: 769,632 sq km; water: 13,930 sq km

Population

84,625,585 (2025 est.)

Languages

Turkish (official), Kurdish, other minority languages

Currency

Turkish liras (TRY)

Time zone

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ccTLD

.tr

Refugees#

Camps hosting refugees, asylum-seekers, and internally displaced persons (IDPs) inside the country. Operators use this to track population movement, NGO and UN footprint, humanitarian access corridors, and the political pressure conflict generates on the host. Cross-reference UNHCR Operational Data Portal, IOM DTM, and ReliefWeb before relying on the entry.

Camp

Population

Origin

Location

Notes

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